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Growth rate calculator
Work out the percent change and the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) between any two numbers, or load three years of a company's revenue or net income straight from its 10-K.
An illustration, not a prediction. This calculator measures change that already happened between two numbers. It doesn't forecast anything, and a past growth rate says nothing certain about the years ahead.
The formula
Percent change = (end − start) ÷ start × 100
CAGR = (end ÷ start)1 ÷ years − 1
A worked example: Apple's net sales
Apple's net sales were $383.3B in FY2023 and $416.2B in FY2025, 2 years later. The percent change is ($416.2B − $383.3B) ÷ $383.3B = +8.6%. The CAGR is ($416.2B ÷ $383.3B)1/2 − 1 = +4.2% a year. In between, FY2024 came in at $391.0B, which is why the steady path and the filed numbers don't match exactly.
Source: Apple 10-K for fiscal 2025, filed Oct 31, 2025 · Apple company file
Revenue or net income?
Revenue growth and net income growth often differ, sometimes in direction. Revenue vs. net income explains why, with examples from the companies in the list above.
Common questions
What is CAGR?
CAGR, the compound annual growth rate, is the single yearly rate that would take a starting value to an ending value over a number of years if growth were perfectly steady. It smooths out the bumps, so it's a way to describe the average pace of past growth.
How is CAGR different from percent change?
Percent change compares just two numbers: how much bigger or smaller the end is than the start. CAGR spreads that change over the years in between, with compounding. Apple's net sales rose 8.6% from FY2023 to FY2025, which is 4.2% a year compounded.
Why doesn't CAGR work with negative numbers?
The formula takes a root of the ending value divided by the starting value. When either side is a loss or zero, that ratio has no meaningful yearly rate, so the calculator shows n/m (not meaningful) instead of a misleading number.
How many years are between FY2023 and FY2025?
Two. Count the gaps between years, not the years themselves: FY2023 to FY2024 is one year of growth, FY2024 to FY2025 is the second.
Does a past growth rate predict future growth?
No. CAGR describes change that already happened between two numbers. Growth rates change from year to year, and nothing here is a forecast.
Disclosures
- Editor holdings
- The editor holds shares of Tesla (TSLA) in a long-term retirement account. The editor holds no position in any other company named on this page. As of Oct 25, 2026.
- Compensation
- Nobody paid for this calculator. No affiliate links on this calculator.
- Sources
- Each company's own SEC filings, linked next to each number.
- Last updated
- Oct 26, 2026
General education, the same for every reader. Not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold any security, and it doesn't consider your situation.